![]() EI2 generally employs Roman numbers for sūras, e.g. Arab World English Journal (AWEJ) publishes selected dissertations/theses in the field of English language, literature and translation. ![]() In titles: al- often becomes ’l- Qurʾān references.Sun letters are used, so aš-Šām, not al-Šām.Qurʾān as Ḳorʾān (also Qorʾān) ʿUmar as ʿOmar (abbrev.ة is written as -a, in idāfa as -at Please note for Brockelmann I have utilized a simplified Arabic-to-English transliteration method that is based on the International Journal of Middle East Studies system but excludes most diacritical marksboth for the ease of readers unfamiliar with Arabic and because readers of Arabic will easily identify terms without requiring diacriticals.and bt., except when it is part of the name by which the person is known, e.g. other compound names are written as two words: ʿAbd al-Raḥmān.compound names with Allāh are in general written as one word: ʿAbdallāh, Hibatallāh.For example, the LETD word 3asslama which means hello will be transliterated into Tunisian Dialect Arabic script as the word. elision of al-, according to rules of Classical Arabic: wa-l-kitāb, fī l-masjid, Muḥyī l-Dīn, bi-l-kitāb, but lil-masjid The LETD transliteration consists in automatically transforming a word written in Romanized ETD to a word written in the Arabic script while preserving the words pronunciation.ḍammah + wāw + shadda: uww (final form ū) OT, MT: uvv.The most notable issue when it comes to selecting an Arabic. However, the degree of protection afforded to the Arabic translations of foreign language marks varies from country to country across the region. kasrah + yāʾ + shadda: iyy (final form ī) OT, MT: iy (final form ī) Article 38 goes on to state that the use of such a mark constitutes a criminal offence punishable by way of a fine and/or imprisonment.In OT and MT, only in words of Arabic and Persian origin. Please note for MEįor Ottoman Turkish, authors may either transliterate or use the modern Turkish orthography. In distinction to the Redhouse dictionary, JESHO has the following rules: The letter ʿayn is represented by ʿ throughout, and the letter hamza is represented in the middle or end of a word by ʾ (e.g. All waws are transliterated by w and not v.įor Ottoman Turkish, authors may either transliterate or use modern Turkish orthography as in the Redhouse Turkish/Ottoman-English Dictionary (1st edn Istanbul 1968). The unmarked iḍāfa is indicated by - i the iḍāfa marked with yā is indicated by - yi. Note that tāʾ marbūṭah is rendered a in Persian. Abbreviations: A = Arabic T= Turkish P = Persian OT = Ottoman Turkish MT = Modern TurkishĪ: k P: k or g OT: k or ñ, y, ğ MT: k or n, y, ğĪ, u, i OT, MT: a or e u or ü / o or ö ı or iĪs a general rule Persian must be transliterated according to the IJMES system ( ME / JESHO system in the table above), not that of the Encyclopedia Iranica, so i and u must be used, not e and o.
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